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MagyarNvidiaGeForce RTX 4080 Super 16 GB 评测：用同样的钱提高性能 - 承诺，承诺...
2024 年 1 月发布了三款 Nvidia 超级显卡。除了 NvidiaGeForce RTX 4070 Super和 NvidiaGeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super 之外，我们现在可以正式详细报道 NvidiaGeForce RTX 4080 Super。在本次评测中，我们使用的是 Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition，其时钟频率与 Nvidia 的 Founders Edition 相匹配。
从外观上看，Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 与非超级版类似。目前，Zotac 除销售 Trinity Black Edition 外，还销售 Trinity OC White Edition 和 AMP Extreme AIRO。与我们测试样品的纯黑色相比，这两款替代品都略有超频，视觉效果也更吸引人。尽管如此，Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 还是提供了一些视觉亮点，例如隐蔽的 RGB 灯光和有些特别的散热器设计。工艺水平总体上令人满意。正面使用了大量塑料。背面安装了一个坚固的金属盖，为显卡提供了良好的稳定性，防止显卡弯曲。该盖还用于散热。
安装的 GPU 芯片仍然使用 AD103，现在总共配备了 10,240 个计算单元。VRAM 由 16 GB 组成，这意味着与普通版相比没有任何变化。不过，由于时钟速度有所提高，内存带宽也有所增加。320 瓦显卡由 12VHPWR 供电。Zotac 提供了从 3x6 + 2 pin PCIe 到 12VHPWR 的合适适配器。
外部连接仍无重大变化：1x HDMI 2.1a 和 3x DisplayPort 1.4a。自 7000 系列以来，AMD 通过采用 2.1 版 DisplayPort 保持了在硬件先进性方面的领先地位。
关于我们测试系统的信息
Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition
Processor
Intel Core i9-14900K 24 x 3.2 - 6 GHz, 253 W PL2 / Short Burst, 253 W PL1 / Sustained, Raptor Lake
Graphics adapter
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 Super - 16 GB VRAM, Core: 2550 MHz, Memory: 1438 MHz, 320 W TDP, Nvidia 551.22
Memory
32 GB
, DDR5-6000, CL30
Mainboard
Intel Z690 (Alder Lake-S PCH)
Storage
Kingston KC3000 2048G SKC3000D2048G, 2048 GB
, M.2 NVMe
Weight
1.127 kg, Power Supply: 0 g
Price
1109 Euro
Note: The manufacturer may use components from different suppliers including display panels, drives or memory sticks with similar specifications.
GeForce 显卡规格比较
| 功能 | RTX 4090 | RTX 4080 Super | RTX 4080 | RTX 4070 Ti Super | RTX 4070 Ti | RTX 4070 Super | RTX 4070 | RTX 4060 Ti |
| 芯片 | AD102 | AD103 | AD103 | AD103 | AD104 | AD104 | AD104 | AD106 |
| FinFET 工艺 | 4 纳米 | 4 纳米 | 4 纳米 | 4 纳米 | 4 纳米 | 4 纳米 | 4 纳米 | 4 纳米 |
| CUDA 内核 | 16.384 | 10.240 | 9.728 | 8.448 | 7.680 | 7.168 | 5.888 | 4.352 |
| 纹理单元 | 512 | 320 | 304 | 264 | 240 | 224 | 184 | 136 |
| 张量核 | 512 4. Gen. | 320 4.Gen. | 304 4.Gen. | 264 4.Gen. | 240 4. Gen. | 224 4.Gen. | 184 4.Gen. | 136 4. Gen. |
| RT 内核 | 128 | 80 | 76 | 66 | 60 | 56 | 46 | 34 |
| GPU 基本时钟 | 2.235 MHz | 2.295MHz | 2.205 MHz | 2.340 MHz | 2.310 MHz | 1.980 MHz | 1.920 MHz | 2.310 MHz |
| GPU 提升时钟 | 2.520 MHz | 2.550MHz | 2.505 MHz | 2.610 MHz | 2.610 MHz | 2.475 MHz | 2.475 MHz | 2.535 MHz |
| 内存总线 | 384 位 | 256 位 | 256 位 | 256 位 | 256 位 | 192 位 | 192 位 | 128 位 |
| 内存带宽 | 1.008 GB/s | 736.3GB/s | 716.8 GB/s | 672.3 GB/s | 504.2 GB/s | 504.2 GB/s | 504.2 GB/s | 288 GB/s |
| 显存 | 24 GB GDDR6X | 16GB GDDR6X | 16 GB GDDR6X | 16 GB GDDR6X | 12 GB GDDR6X | 12 GB GDDR6X | 12 GB GDDR6X | 8 / 16 GB GDDR6 |
| 功耗 | 450 W | 320 W | 320 W | 285 W | 285 W | 220 W | 200 W | 160 W/ 165 W |
众泰游戏GeForce RTX 4080 超级三位一体黑色版的时钟频率
如前所述，在 GPU 芯片和 VRAM 时钟率方面，Zotac 遵循了 Nvidia 的GeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 规格。基本时钟频率设定为 2,295 MHz，指定的提升模式为 2,550 MHz。在每场游戏中，我们不仅达到了这一数值，而且还超过了这一数值，这表明显卡有足够的能力满足指定要求。
Zotac FireStorm 实用程序
FireStorm 实用工具允许用户调整显卡上的各种设置，如以下截图所示。值得注意的是，在测试过程中没有进行任何修改。
合成基准
在深入研究游戏基准测试之前，我们先来看看合成基准测试。Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 在合成基准测试中的表现符合预期。虽然它比 KFA2GeForce RTX 4080 SG值得注意的是，KFA2 型号出厂时已超频。不过，与 PalitGeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC相比，Nvidia 的旗舰产品保持了 24% 的优势。
与红色角落的竞争对手相比，GeForce RTX 4080 Super 在与 AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX.在 Luxmark 和 Computemark 测试中，它的表现优于 AMD 的同类产品，不过 Photoshop PugetBench 测试则偏向于 AMD 显卡，甚至超过了 NvidiaGeForce RTX 4090。不出所料，Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 在这项测试中落后了。
Performance Rating | 3DMark | Unigine Superposition | Unigine Heaven 4.0 | Unigine Valley 1.0 | 3DMark 11
LuxMark v2.0 64Bit | ComputeMark v2.1 | Photoshop PugetBench | Premiere Pro PugetBench | Affinity Photo 2
专业用途
在 SPECviewperf 渲染测试中，Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 的性能超过了 KFA2GeForce RTX 4080 SG.不过，性能差距仅在个位数百分比范围内。NvidiaGeForce RTX 4090 或 AMD 7900 系列型号的性能明显更高。与 Nvidia RTX 6000 ADA Generation 的比较显示了专用工作站显卡的预期性能。AMD 的产品组合还包括专业工作站显卡，即 Radeon Pro 型号。
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 Super i9-14900K | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4090 i9-14900K | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080 R9 7950X | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti R9 7950X | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 R9 7950X | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 Ti 16G R9 7950X | NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4060 R9 7950X | AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX R9 7950X | AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT R9 7950X | AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE R9 7950X | AMD Radeon RX 6950 XT R9 7950X | AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT R9 7950X | AMD Radeon RX 7700 XT R9 7950X | AMD Radeon RX 7600 R9 7950X | NVIDIA RTX 6000 Ada Generation TR Pro 7995WX | Average of class | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPECviewperf 12 | 20% | -6% | -18% | -30% | -43% | -51% | 61% | 46% | 25% | -2% | 18% | 4% | -19% | 43% | -62% | |
| 1900x1060 3ds Max (3dsmax-05) | 495 | 565 14% | 502 1% | 436 -12% | 382 -23% | 290 -41% | 251 -49% | 553 12% | 502 1% | 444 -10% | 418 -16% | 427 -14% | 373 -25% | 279 -44% | 473 -4% | 192.1 ? -61% |
| 1900x1060 Catia (catia-04) | 236 | 291 23% | 221 -6% | 192 -19% | 161 -32% | 128 -46% | 113 -52% | 536 127% | 481 104% | 448 90% | 368 56% | 386 64% | 351 49% | 273 16% | 349 48% | 102.5 ? -57% |
| 1900x1060 Creo (creo-01) | 122 | 127 4% | 110 -10% | 99.4 -19% | 89.1 -27% | 73.4 -40% | 60.6 -50% | 187 53% | 176 44% | 155 27% | 163 34% | 148 21% | 123 1% | 115 -6% | 250 105% | 63.1 ? -48% |
| 1900x1060 Energy (energy-01) | 60.4 | 84.7 40% | 58.8 -3% | 48 -21% | 31.7 -48% | 22.6 -63% | 15.9 -74% | 85.2 41% | 72.4 20% | 40.3 -33% | 34.3 -43% | 38.4 -36% | 33.4 -45% | 25.5 -58% | 58.2 -4% | 14.6 ? -76% |
| 1900x1060 Maya (maya-04) | 318 | 340 7% | 309 -3% | 287 -10% | 284 -11% | 257 -19% | 233 -27% | 367 15% | 347 9% | 323 2% | 195 -39% | 304 -4% | 283 -11% | 236 -26% | 266 -16% | 105.7 ? -67% |
| 1900x1060 Medical (medical-01) | 202 | 303 50% | 171 -15% | 157 -22% | 132 -35% | 110 -46% | 82.4 -59% | 347 72% | 288 43% | 226 12% | 95.2 -53% | 200 -1% | 177 -12% | 128 -37% | 282 40% | 51.2 ? -75% |
| 1900x1060 Showcase (showcase-01) | 336 | 398 18% | 333 -1% | 244 -27% | 190 -43% | 132 -61% | 109 -68% | 322 -4% | 278 -17% | 222 -34% | 264 -21% | 235 -30% | 179 -47% | 127 -62% | 429 28% | 94 ? -72% |
| 1900x1060 Solidworks (sw-03) | 131 | 139 6% | 113 -14% | 118 -10% | 109 -17% | 95.1 -27% | 91.2 -30% | 360 175% | 342 161% | 319 144% | 218 66% | 322 146% | 288 120% | 221 69% | 319 144% | 83.6 ? -36% |
| SPECviewperf 13 | 18% | -3% | -18% | -31% | -45% | -53% | 51% | 33% | 34% | -6% | 26% | 11% | -18% | 51% | -56% | |
| 3ds Max (3dsmax-06) | 497 | 567 14% | 497 0% | 433 -13% | 381 -23% | 289 -42% | 252 -49% | 564 13% | 506 2% | 439 -12% | 416 -16% | 434 -13% | 371 -25% | 280 -44% | 496.95 0% | 184 ? -63% |
| Catia (catia-05) | 348 | 428 23% | 340 -2% | 290 -17% | 241 -31% | 189 -46% | 163 -53% | 825 137% | 728 109% | 661 90% | 588 69% | 588 69% | 529 52% | 410 18% | 578.86 66% | 197.1 ? -43% |
| Creo (creo-02) | 569 | 618 9% | 529 -7% | 455 -20% | 375 -34% | 301 -47% | 230 -60% | 613 8% | 567 0% | 470 -17% | 374 -34% | 442 -22% | 387 -32% | 294 -48% | 590.13 4% | 200 ? -65% |
| Energy (energy-02) | 93.7 | 127 36% | 92.6 -1% | 72.8 -22% | 54.2 -42% | 45.3 -52% | 34.6 -63% | 187 100% | 147 57% | 150 60% | 60.8 -35% | 139 48% | 115 23% | 82.9 -12% | 230.06 146% | 35.2 ? -62% |
| Maya (maya-05) | 767 | 881 15% | 678 -12% | 591 -23% | 510 -34% | 403 -47% | 343 -55% | 735 -4% | 670 -13% | 580 -24% | 460 -40% | 548 -29% | 487 -37% | 333 -57% | 637.3 -17% | 260 ? -66% |
| Medical (medical-02) | 145 | 180 24% | 150 3% | 132 -9% | 112 -23% | 85.1 -41% | 76.5 -47% | 263 81% | 237 63% | 372 157% | 332 129% | 300 107% | 226 56% | 331.9 129% | 74.9 ? -48% | |
| Showcase (showcase-02) | 333 | 400 20% | 334 0% | 244 -27% | 191 -43% | 133 -60% | 108 -68% | 323 -3% | 279 -16% | 221 -34% | 264 -21% | 234 -30% | 179 -46% | 127 -62% | 430.2 29% | 117.9 ? -65% |
| Solidworks (sw-04) | 187 | 199 6% | 179 -4% | 168 -10% | 157 -16% | 135 -28% | 127 -32% | 323 73% | 307 64% | 287 53% | 254 36% | 294 57% | 265 42% | 195 4% | 278 49% | 118.7 ? -37% |
| SPECviewperf 2020 | 48% | -2% | -16% | -30% | -46% | -55% | 48% | 28% | 46% | -17% | 29% | 12% | -20% | 138% | -44% | |
| 3840x2160 Medical (medical-03) | 28.7 | 40.3 40% | 32.2 12% | 26.9 -6% | 22.2 -23% | 16.5 -43% | 13.7 -52% | 62.3 117% | 53.9 88% | 76.1 165% | 35 22% | 63.7 122% | 56.2 96% | 36.1 26% | 79 175% | 19.9 ? -31% |
| 3840x2160 Energy (energy-03) | 93.7 | 230 145% | 90.4 -4% | 75.7 -19% | 57.6 -39% | 44.9 -52% | 33.2 -65% | 129 38% | 99.6 6% | 133 42% | 69.3 -26% | 111 18% | 95 1% | 67 -28% | 457 388% | 47.7 ? -49% |
| 3840x2160 Creo (creo-03) | 141 | 148 5% | 128 -9% | 121 -14% | 112 -21% | 95.9 -32% | 85.9 -39% | 187 33% | 173 23% | 159 13% | 92.4 -34% | 151 7% | 130 -8% | 106 -25% | 191 35% | 77.5 ? -45% |
| 3840x2160 CATIA (catia-06) | 76.3 | 97.1 27% | 75.5 -1% | 61.2 -20% | 51.6 -32% | 38.5 -50% | 34 -55% | 127 66% | 113 48% | 107 40% | 59.7 -22% | 101 32% | 88.8 16% | 68 -11% | 139 82% | 46.6 ? -39% |
| 3840x2160 3ds Max (3dsmax-07) | 190 | 236 24% | 179 -6% | 147 -23% | 122 -36% | 88.8 -53% | 67.4 -65% | 167 -12% | 143 -25% | 134 -29% | 140 -26% | 125 -34% | 106 -44% | 72.9 -62% | 207 9% | 79.7 ? -58% |
| Total Average (Program / Settings) | 29% /
26% | -4% /
-4% | -17% /
-17% | -30% /
-30% | -45% /
-45% | -53% /
-53% | 53% /
54% | 36% /
37% | 35% /
33% | -8% /
-7% | 24% /
24% | 9% /
8% | -19% /
-19% | 77% /
68% | -54% /
-55% |
游戏性能
与GeForce RTX 4080 的普通型号一样，新的超级对应型号在游戏性能方面也有非常出色的表现。我们使用 Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 测试了多款游戏，无论是旧版游戏还是当前流行的游戏，都没有遇到明显的挑战。在大多数情况下，我们的测试样品都直接落后于 PalitGeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC。不过，在少数游戏中，AMD 略胜一筹，与 Radeon RX 7900 XTX 并列第二。
所有测试游戏均可在 2160p 下流畅运行。与 AMD 相比，NvidiaGeForce RTX 4080 Super 可能会因为 16GB 的显存而处于劣势。AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT 和 XTX 的显存容量要大得多，分别为 20 GB 和 24 GB。就价格而言，AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX 似乎是更明智的选择，因为各种型号目前的售价约为 950 美元。
The Witcher 3 | Metro Exodus | Far Cry 5 | Far Cry 6 | F1 2021 | F1 22 | A Plague Tale Requiem | Spider-Man Miles Morales | Borderlands 3 | God of War | GTA V | The Quarry | Tiny Tina's Wonderlands | GRID Legends | Final Fantasy XV Benchmark | The Last of Us | F1 23 | Hogwarts Legacy
光线追踪、DLSS 和帧生成
Nvidia 的显著优势在于光线追踪性能以及 DLSS 和帧生成。NvidiaGeForce RTX 4080 Super 配备了 80 个 RT 内核和 320 个张量单元，与 NvidiaGeForce RTX 4080 相比性能略有提升。不过，用户不应期望在直接对比中获得明显的性能提升。在原生 2160p 分辨率下使用光线追踪时，需要使用 DLSS。此外，还有一项名为 "帧生成"（Frame Generation）的功能，可以实现更高的帧率，但这项功能是 RTX 4000 系列显卡独有的。
Spider-Man Miles Morales | Metro Exodus | Far Cry 6 | The Callisto Protocol | Guardians of the Galaxy | Returnal | F1 23 | Star Wars Jedi Survivor | Hogwarts Legacy | Ghostwire Tokyo | Cyberpunk 2077 1.6 | Ratchet & Clank Rift Apart | Assassin's Creed Mirage | Avatar Frontiers of Pandora | EA Sports WRC | Alan Wake 2
| Spider-Man Miles Morales - 1920x0180 Very High Preset + Ray-Tracing AA:T | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 Ti SG | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| Metro Exodus - 1920x1080 Ultra Quality DXR AF:16x | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 Ti SG | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| Far Cry 6 - 1920x1080 Ultra Graphics Quality + HD Textures + DXR AA:T | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 Ti SG | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| The Callisto Protocol - 1920x1080 Ultra Preset (without FSR Upscaling) + Full Ray-Tracing | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 Ti SG | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Guardians of the Galaxy - 1920x1080 Ultra Preset + Ultra Ray-Tracing | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| F1 23 - 1920x1080 Ultra High Preset AA:T AF:16x | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC (1038401) | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC (1022189) | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition (1057599) | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super (1057599) | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE (1016022) | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio (1016022) | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT (1022189) | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC (1012607) | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX (1021115) | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT (1026791) | |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 (1016022) | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 (1026791) | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT (1016022) | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super (1021115) | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition (1016022) | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super (1021115) | |
| Star Wars Jedi Survivor - 1920x1080 Epic Preset + Ray Tracing | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| Hogwarts Legacy - 1920x1080 Ultra Preset + Full Ray Tracing AA:High T | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Ghostwire Tokyo - 1920x1080 Highest Settings + Maximum Ray Tracing | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 Ti SG | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| Ratchet & Clank Rift Apart | |
| 1920x1080 Very High Preset + Very High Raytracing AA:T | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| 3840x2160 Very High Preset + Very High Raytracing + DLSS Quality + FG | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| ASUS Dual GeForce RTX 4060 Ti OC | |
| Assassin's Creed Mirage - 3840x2160 Ultra High Preset (Adaptive Quality Off) + DLSS Quality | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| Avatar Frontiers of Pandora - 3840x2160 Ultra Preset + Quality DLSS | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| EA Sports WRC - 3840x2160 Ultra Preset + Quality DLSS AA:Epic AF:16x | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| Alan Wake 2 | |
| 1920x1080 High Preset + High Ray Tracing | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | |
| MSI Radeon RX 6950 XT Gaming X Trio | |
| Nvidia Titan RTX | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 7700 XT | |
| AMD Radeon RX 6800 | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2070 Super | |
| Nvidia GeForce RTX 2060 Super | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| 3840x2160 High Preset + High Ray Tracing + Quality DLSS + FG | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| Asus TUF Gaming GeForce RTX 4070 Ti Super | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
Spider-Man Miles Morales | Metro Exodus | Far Cry 6 | The Callisto Protocol | Guardians of the Galaxy | Returnal | F1 23 | Star Wars Jedi Survivor | Hogwarts Legacy | Ghostwire Tokyo | Cyberpunk 2077 1.6 | Ratchet & Clank Rift Apart | Assassin's Creed Mirage | Avatar Frontiers of Pandora | EA Sports WRC | Alan Wake 2
| low | med. | high | ultra | QHD | 4K DLSS | 4K FSR | 4K | |
| GTA V (2015) | 188.1 | 187.8 | 187.6 | 172.8 | 170.6 | 187.3 | ||
| The Witcher 3 (2015) | 791 | 732 | 549 | 269 | 221 | 207 | ||
| Dota 2 Reborn (2015) | 299.4 | 271.4 | 259.8 | 241.9 | 235.1 | |||
| Assassin´s Creed Origins (2017) | 266 | 249 | 234 | 210 | 175 | 118 | ||
| Final Fantasy XV Benchmark (2018) | 234 | 233 | 228 | 203 | 122.4 | |||
| Far Cry 5 (2018) | 277 | 243 | 233 | 233 | 218 | 145 | ||
| Strange Brigade (2018) | 760 | 617 | 568 | 529 | 401 | 202 | ||
| Shadow of the Tomb Raider (2018) | 324 | 309 | 308 | 298 | 250 | 135 | ||
| Assassin´s Creed Odyssey (2018) | 253 | 239 | 214 | 159 | 137 | 98 | ||
| Far Cry New Dawn (2019) | 227 | 197 | 190 | 170 | 170 | 142 | ||
| Metro Exodus (2019) | 312 | 281 | 230 | 191.2 | 163.1 | 105.9 | ||
| Control (2019) | 237 | 238 | 235 | 166.1 | 84.4 | |||
| Borderlands 3 (2019) | 263 | 234 | 217 | 201 | 172.3 | 97.9 | ||
| F1 2020 (2020) | 615 | 505 | 499 | 427 | 345 | 205 | ||
| Death Stranding (2020) | 240 | 240 | 240 | 239 | 239 | 153.2 | ||
| Horizon Zero Dawn (2020) | 309 | 277 | 259 | 246 | 212 | 169 | 119 | |
| Dirt 5 (2020) | 282.9 | 221.5 | 167.9 | 151.9 | 149.4 | 142 | ||
| Assassin´s Creed Valhalla (2020) | 362 | 282 | 240 | 210 | 166 | 99 | ||
| F1 2021 (2021) | 733 | 696 | 586 | 307 | 253 | 146.7 | ||
| Far Cry 6 (2021) | 266 | 232 | 208 | 209 | 189 | 114.1 | ||
| Guardians of the Galaxy (2021) | 250 | 248 | 246 | 239 | 236 | 146 | ||
| Forza Horizon 5 (2021) | 425 | 315 | 290 | 196 | 175 | 131 | ||
| God of War (2022) | 282 | 279 | 235 | 166.7 | 139.3 | 100.6 | ||
| GRID Legends (2022) | 277 | 250 | 233 | 222 | 210 | 163.6 | ||
| Cyberpunk 2077 1.6 (2022) | 249 | 246 | 239 | 199 | 128.9 | 60.6 | ||
| Ghostwire Tokyo (2022) | 317 | 310 | 309 | 304 | 276 | 128.8 | ||
| Tiny Tina's Wonderlands (2022) | 495 | 414 | 305 | 242 | 171.7 | 91.9 | ||
| F1 22 (2022) | 449 | 465 | 412 | 175.7 | 118.1 | 59.6 | ||
| The Quarry (2022) | 384 | 294 | 253 | 210 | 148.3 | 82.5 | ||
| A Plague Tale Requiem (2022) | 255 | 216 | 173.4 | 138.7 | 101 | 112.4 | 58.2 | |
| Uncharted Legacy of Thieves Collection (2022) | 164.5 | 159.4 | 158.8 | 156.7 | 133.6 | 81.1 | ||
| Spider-Man Miles Morales (2022) | 217 | 210 | 190.6 | 193 | 183.2 | 117.6 | ||
| The Callisto Protocol (2022) | 297.1 | 272.7 | 262.9 | 207.2 | 169 | 110.9 | ||
| Need for Speed Unbound (2022) | 283 | 271 | 241 | 241 | 175.4 | 97.6 | ||
| High On Life (2023) | 465 | 405 | 320 | 279 | 179.7 | 76.1 | ||
| The Witcher 3 v4.00 (2023) | 356 | 312 | 275 | 268 | 230 | 116 | ||
| Dead Space Remake (2023) | 237 | 229 | 200 | 198 | 138.4 | 67.9 | ||
| Hogwarts Legacy (2023) | 202 | 180.1 | 167.3 | 155.2 | 112.2 | 68.6 | ||
| Returnal (2023) | 225 | 224 | 202 | 178 | 142 | 86 | ||
| Atomic Heart (2023) | 300 | 274 | 207 | 170.9 | 133.1 | 79.9 | ||
| Company of Heroes 3 (2023) | 377 | 340 | 289 | 287 | 237 | 149 | ||
| Sons of the Forest (2023) | 143.9 | 140.3 | 135.9 | 133.8 | 131.7 | 101.9 | ||
| Resident Evil 4 Remake (2023) | 346 | 291 | 277 | 193.9 | 152.5 | 89.1 | ||
| The Last of Us (2023) | 227 | 204 | 191.1 | 172.3 | 121 | 98.8 | 60.7 | |
| Dead Island 2 (2023) | 373 | 354 | 319 | 285 | 230 | 122.3 | ||
| Star Wars Jedi Survivor (2023) | 188.3 | 183.2 | 175.9 | 168.4 | 117.1 | 58.6 | ||
| Diablo 4 (2023) | 400 | 400 | 399 | 394 | 297 | 197.6 | 148.9 | |
| F1 23 (2023) | 475 | 498 | 450 | 169.9 | 110.7 | 96.1 | 55.5 | |
| Ratchet & Clank Rift Apart (2023) | 237 | 228 | 189.9 | 171.4 | 143.2 | 91.6 | ||
| Baldur's Gate 3 (2023) | 304 | 275 | 254 | 251 | 187.6 | 160.6 | 103.4 | |
| Atlas Fallen (2023) | 199.8 | 199.8 | 199.9 | 199.8 | 198.4 | 121.6 | ||
| Immortals of Aveum (2023) | 147.6 | 134.1 | 121.8 | 92 | 108.6 | 53.5 | ||
| Starfield (2023) | 160.2 | 160.3 | 137.1 | 125.1 | 105.2 | 68.9 | ||
| Lies of P (2023) | 396 | 370 | 332 | 306 | 233 | 190.8 | 121.8 | |
| Cyberpunk 2077 2.0 Phantom Liberty (2023) | 250 | 240 | 214 | 193 | 131.6 | 116.2 | 62.8 | |
| Assassin's Creed Mirage (2023) | 279 | 260 | 245 | 202 | 164 | 138 | 103 | |
| Total War Pharaoh (2023) | 632 | 409 | 286 | 230 | 213 | 120 | ||
| Lords of the Fallen (2023) | 203 | 172.7 | 136 | 102.6 | 73.7 | 72.7 | 40.1 | |
| Alan Wake 2 (2023) | 165.6 | 158.5 | 147.7 | 106.7 | 73.3 | 57.9 | ||
| EA Sports WRC (2023) | 294 | 201 | 191.3 | 181.7 | 158.2 | 131.8 | 89.8 | |
| Call of Duty Modern Warfare 3 2023 (2023) | 365 | 324 | 268 | 250 | 194 | 145 | 132 | |
| Avatar Frontiers of Pandora (2023) | 214 | 197 | 172 | 136 | 94 | 84 | 49 | |
| The Finals (2023) | 421 | 393 | 379 | 319 | 213 | 166.7 | 102.2 | |
| Ready or Not (2023) | 376 | 403 | 374 | 337 | 221 | 205 | 99.1 | |
| Prince of Persia The Lost Crown (2024) | 359 | 359 | 359 | 359 | 358 | |||
| Palworld (2024) | 240 | 238 | 225 | 226 | 181.2 | 140.4 | 104.3 | |
| Enshrouded (2024) | 178.9 | 158.4 | 137.3 | 116.6 | 93.3 | 84 | 82.9 | 58.4 |
排放量
系统噪音
GeForce 来自 Zotac 的 RTX 4080 超级三位一体黑色版配备了一个相当大的散热器。正面有三个 90 毫米的风扇。此外，Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 还配备了风扇停止模式，允许显卡在 2D 模式和低负载下完全静音运行。三个风扇的运行音量很高，即使在负载情况下，从封闭的机箱中也几乎听不到它们的声音。在测试过程中，我们偶尔会注意到线圈发出的呜呜声，主要是在某些游戏菜单中，一旦达到极高的帧速率时。
为了记录显卡的音量，我们将 Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 放在开放式设置的音量测量系统上。由于所有风扇都已关闭，我们无法记录空闲模式下的任何声音发射。当有一些负载时，风扇会缓慢转动，因此我们只能记录到 32.5 dB(A)。在满负荷时，我们的噪音值仅为 44 dB(A)。
Noise Level
| Idle |
| 25.9 / 26 / 26 dB(A) |
| Load |
| 32.5 / 43.8 dB(A) |
 | ||
30 dB silent 40 dB(A) audible 50 dB(A) loud |
||
min:  , med:  , max:  Earthworks M23R (15 cm distance) environment noise: 25.5 dB(A) | ||
温度和功耗
巧妙的散热设计有效地控制了 Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 的温度，同时又不会过度增加其体积。除体积测量外，所有测试均在封闭的机箱中进行。在压力测试过程中，320 瓦的功率极限始终保持在规定水平，并可长期保持。我们观察到芯片的温度略高于 74 °C，在可接受范围内。相比之下，HWiNFO 显示 VRAM 在测试期间的温度仅为 68 °C。
现在，我们来看看测试系统的功耗：在本例中，压力测试的平均显示功耗为 425 瓦，而游戏的显示功耗为 519 瓦。我们还使用 Elmor PMD（功率测量设备）检查了显卡通过 12 伏电压轨的功耗。总之，我们多次观察到高达 450 瓦的短负载峰值，游戏时甚至略高。由于这些负载峰值，生产商建议使用 750 瓦的电源。此外，建议使用符合最新 ATX 3.0 规范的电源。
Power Consumption: 1920x1080 The Witcher 3 ultra (external Monitor) | 1280x720 FurMark 1.19 GPU Stress Test (external Monitor) | Witcher 3 ultra Efficiency (external Monitor)
| Power Consumption / The Witcher 3 ultra (external Monitor) | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX (Idle: 86.5 W) | |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Founders Edition | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4080 SG (Idle: 86.4 W) | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT (Idle: 84.6 W) | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 3070 Ti SG (Idle: 88.9 W) | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 Ti EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Sapphire Nitro+ Radeon RX 6650 XT | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4060 Ti EX | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4060 1-Click-OC 2X | |
| Power Consumption / FurMark 1.19 GPU Stress Test (external Monitor) | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX (Idle: 86.5 W) | |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Founders Edition | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT (Idle: 84.6 W) | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 3070 Ti SG (Idle: 88.9 W) | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4080 SG (Idle: 86.4 W) | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 Ti EX Gamer | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| Sapphire Nitro+ Radeon RX 6650 XT | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4060 Ti EX | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4060 1-Click-OC 2X | |
| Power Consumption / Witcher 3 ultra Efficiency (external Monitor) | |
| Palit GeForce RTX 4090 GameRock OC | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4080 SG | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XT | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX | |
| Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 Ti EX Gamer | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7900 GRE | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4070 EX Gamer | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4060 Ti EX | |
| AMD Radeon RX 7800 XT | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 4060 1-Click-OC 2X | |
| Sapphire Pulse Radeon RX 6750 XT | |
| NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Founders Edition | |
| XFX Speedster QICK 308 Radeon RX 7600 Black Edition | |
| KFA2 GeForce RTX 3070 Ti SG | |
| Sapphire Nitro+ Radeon RX 6650 XT | |
| Acer Predator BiFrost Arc A770 OC, 16GB GDDR6 | |
Power Consumption: 1920x1080 The Witcher 3 ultra (external Monitor) | 1280x720 FurMark 1.19 GPU Stress Test (external Monitor) | Witcher 3 ultra Efficiency (external Monitor)
* ... smaller is better
Power consumption with external monitor
Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition; 1280x720 FurMark 1.19 GPU Stress Test (external Monitor): Ø425 (411-445)
Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition; 1920x1080 The Witcher 3 ultra (external Monitor): Ø519 (504-582)
Zotac RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition; Idle 1min (external Monitor): Ø82 (79.3-105.2)
Pros
+ 游戏性能始终保持高水平
+ 风扇停止模式
+ 尺寸相对紧凑
+ 线圈不会发出蜂鸣声
+ 负载时噪音极低
Cons
- 价格相对较高
- 不支持 DisplayPort 2.1
- 电源连接位置不佳
结论 - RTX 4080 超级版，性能更强，无需额外成本
Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 与 NvidiaGeForce RTX 4080 相比，性能略胜一筹，充分释放了 AD103 图形处理器的潜力。然而，当与超频的 RTX 4080 标准变体对决时，在特定情况下可能会出现僵局。然而，坚持使用参考模型可以确保在相同价位上获得更高的性能。Nvidia 决定不提高成本的原因可能是 AMD 最近对其顶级型号进行了降价，现在它们的价格范围相差无几。此外，AMD 在安装的 VRAM 方面也保持着优势。这种竞争对未来的影响仍有待推测。值得注意的是，在 NvidiaGeForce RTX 4060 Ti 上，VRAM 不足的局限性显而易见。
尽管是GeForce RTX 4080 Super 更紧凑的迭代产品，但 Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 仍能持续提供出色的游戏性能。低调的 RGB 灯光与散热器天衣无缝地融为一体，避免了喧宾夺主。
工艺令人满意，但仍需改进。风扇和 RGB 灯光的内部连接线稍稍影响了视觉效果。风扇盖由塑料制成，与背板的质量不符。从主观上看，Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 是一款时尚的显卡。凭借其弧形设计，Zotac 成功地创造了一种与众不同的美感。
Zotac 的测试样品给人留下了深刻印象，其性能始终保持强劲和稳定。在某些方面，Nvidia 的第二快型号超过了 AMD 的旗舰产品 AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX。对于那些考虑光线追踪的用户，建议选择绿色角落的当前显卡。售价 1399 美元的 Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 可能不是一个经济实惠的选择。如果在 NvidiaGeForce RTX 4080 Super 发布后，普通型号降至 1000 美元左右，考虑老型号或许值得。不过，该显卡上市后的市场价格稳定情况目前仍不明朗。
价格和供应情况
我们的测试机 Zotac GamingGeForce RTX 4080 Super Trinity Black Edition 已经在各大商店上市。亚马逊目前的测试样品售价为 1399 美元。
Transparency
The present review sample was given to the author by the manufacturer free of charge for the purposes of review. There was no third-party influence on this review, nor did the manufacturer receive a copy of this review before publication. There was no obligation to publish this review.
