联想ThinkPad T14s G4评测:采用 AMD Zen4 的商务笔记本电脑更出色
ThinkPad T14s G4 是一款高端商务笔记本,仅次于ThinkPad X1 Carbon超越。与 X1 Carbon 不同的是,联想为 T14s G4 提供了英特尔和 AMD 两种处理器。我们 已经评测过英特尔但该设备在多核性能和电池续航时间方面未能赢得我们的青睐。现在我们来看看 T14s G4 AMD 版,它配备了 Ryzen 7 7840U和 400 cd/m² 的哑光低功耗全高清面板的 AMD T14s G4。
我们的测试设备是 ThinkPad T14s G4 21F8002TGE,它的配置非常出色,因为除了上述 Ryzen 7 处理器外,它还配备了Radeon 780M iGPU32 GB LPDDR5 6400 内存、1 TB SSD、LTE 调制解调器和 400 cd/m² 的低功耗显示屏。
我们对 HP EliteBook 845 G10(同样采用 Ryzen 7 7840U 和低功耗全高清面板)也给我们留下了非常好的印象--它是 T14s G4 最大的竞争对手,因此我们很想看看 AMD ThinkPad 在直接对比中的表现如何。
潜在的竞争对手比较
Rating | Date | Model | Weight | Height | Size | Resolution | Best Price |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
90.4 % | 11/2023 | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE R7 7840U, Radeon 780M | 1.4 kg | 16.9 mm | 14.00" | 1920x1200 | |
89.1 % | 10/2023 | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE i7-1355U, Iris Xe G7 96EUs | 1.3 kg | 16.9 mm | 14.00" | 2880x1800 | |
90.5 % | 09/2023 | HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES R7 7840U, Radeon 780M | 1.5 kg | 17.9 mm | 14.00" | 1920x1200 | |
90.3 % | 07/2023 | Dell Latitude 7440 i5-1345U, Iris Xe G7 80EUs | 1.2 kg | 17.95 mm | 14.00" | 2560x1600 | |
85.6 % | 05/2023 | Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 i7-1360P, Iris Xe G7 96EUs | 1.2 kg | 11.3 mm | 14.00" | 2880x1800 |
» Notebookcheck多媒体笔记本电脑Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck游戏笔记本电脑Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck低价办公/商务笔记本电脑Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck高端办公/商务笔记本电脑Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck工作站笔记本电脑Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck亚笔记本电脑Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck超级本产品Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck变形本产品Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck平板电脑Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck智能手机Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck评测过最出色的笔记本电脑屏幕
» Notebookcheck售价500欧元以下笔记本电脑Top 10排名
» Notebookcheck售价300欧元以下笔记本电脑Top 10排名
案例与设备
从外观上看,ThinkPad T14s G4 的 AMD 版可以通过掌托上不同的贴纸辨认出来,除此之外与英特尔版没有任何区别。碳纤维和镁铝合金材质的机身非常稳定,但黑色表面对灰尘也很敏感。另一方面,ThinkPad T14s G4 可选配风暴灰,在这方面的敏感度较低。惠普的 EliteBook 845 G10 采用银色机身,在这方面更具优势,但两款机型在质量方面差别不大。
端口方面存在一些差异,因为只有英特尔机型提供 Thunderbolt 支持。但 AMD 机型则完全不用担心,它有两个快速 USB-C 4.0 端口,而且与英特尔机型一样,还安装了 500 万像素摄像头。
交流
联想为 AMD ThinkPad 配备了高通 WCN685x WLAN 模块,除支持蓝牙 5.2 外,还支持现代 WiFi 6E 标准。我们在连接华硕参考路由器的相应 6 GHz 网络时没有遇到任何问题,1.7-1.9 GBit/s 的传输速率非常高且稳定。测试过程中没有出现任何问题(5 GHz 网络也是如此)。此外,测试设备还配备了 Quectel 的 4G/LTE 调制解调器,可与 eSIM 卡或 nano-SIM 卡(后部插槽)一起使用。
Networking | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 6GHz |
|
iperf3 receive AXE11000 6GHz |
|
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 |
|
iperf3 receive AXE11000 |
|
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 6GHz |
|
iperf3 receive AXE11000 6GHz |
|
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 |
|
iperf3 receive AXE11000 |
|
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 |
|
iperf3 receive AXE11000 |
|
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 6GHz |
|
iperf3 receive AXE11000 6GHz |
|
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 |
|
iperf3 receive AXE11000 |
|
iperf3 transmit AXE11000 6GHz |
|
iperf3 receive AXE11000 6GHz |
|
维护
ThinkPad T14s G4 AMD 的内部结构与英特尔版本相同,M.2 固态硬盘和 WWAN 模块都可以更换。电池和单风扇也可拆卸,而所有其他组件(包括内存)都是焊接的。底部底板由几颗十字螺丝固定,拆卸非常方便。
输入设备 - 1.5 毫米行程
我们已经多次报道过当前的 ThinkPad 键盘,目前仍在使用行程为 1.5 毫米的型号。T14s G4 仍是 ThinkPad 系列中打字体验最好的产品之一,手感也比最近评测的ThinkPad P1 G6进行直接比较。与主要竞争对手相比 惠普 EliteBook 845 G10相比,二者在质量上并无太大差别。ThinkPad 键盘以前的优势已不复存在,用户可以在这两款笔记本上顺利输入长文本。白色背光(两个亮度级别)不能通过传感器激活,不过联想已经在(更便宜的)消费者机型上提供了这种功能,如 Yoga Slim 7 14 G8.ClickPad 和 TrackPoint 功能正常,指针控制也没有问题。
显示屏 - 低功耗 IPS
我们的 ThinkPad T14s G4 测试设备配备了著名的低功耗 IPS 显示屏,联想的 14 英寸商用笔记本电脑使用这种显示屏已有相当长的时间。我们过去曾多次看到联想使用不同的面板供应商,因此数值会有所不同,但所有型号都应达到指定的 400 cd/m²。我们的面板来自 LG 飞利浦,主观画质不错,虽然无法与高分辨率的 OLED 屏幕媲美,但对于商务设备来说绝对是个不错的选择。所有内容都很清晰,色彩浓郁,尽管表面是磨砂的,但即使是明亮的内容也不会显得有颗粒感。
我们的设备在亮度方面表现非常出色,平均亮度超过 450 cd/m²。同时,0.24 cd/m² 的黑色值对于 IPS 面板来说非常低,因此最大对比度超过 1,800:1。响应时间不是最快的,但也不令人讨厌,全亮度下几乎看不到光晕。在测量值方面,ThinkPad 的得分略高于配备低功耗显示屏的惠普 EliteBook 845 G10。
|
Brightness Distribution: 90 %
Center on Battery: 459 cd/m²
Contrast: 1896:1 (Black: 0.24 cd/m²)
ΔE Color 2.8 | 0.5-29.43 Ø5, calibrated: 1.2
ΔE Greyscale 4.3 | 0.57-98 Ø5.3
70.6% AdobeRGB 1998 (Argyll 2.2.0 3D)
96.5% sRGB (Argyll 2.2.0 3D)
68.3% Display P3 (Argyll 2.2.0 3D)
Gamma: 2.11
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE LP140WU1-SPB2, IPS, 1920x1200, 14.00 | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE ATNA40YK15-0, OLED, 2880x1800, 14.00 | HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES CMN1435, IPS, 1920x1200, 14.00 | Dell Latitude 7440 AU Optronics B140QAX, IPS, 2560x1600, 14.00 | Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 Samsung ATNA40CU02-0, AMOLED, 2880x1800, 14.00 | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE MNE007JA1-1, LTPS IPS LED, 1920x1200, 14.00 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Display | 29% | 3% | 7% | 29% | 2% | |
Display P3 Coverage | 68.3 | 99.9 46% | 70.6 3% | 75.4 10% | 99.7 46% | 69.4 2% |
sRGB Coverage | 96.5 | 100 4% | 100 4% | 99.9 4% | 100 4% | 99.8 3% |
AdobeRGB 1998 Coverage | 70.6 | 97.6 38% | 72.4 3% | 76.2 8% | 95.7 36% | 71.4 1% |
Response Times | 96% | -23% | -29% | 100% | 11% | |
Response Time Grey 50% / Grey 80% * | 41.6 ? | 1.2 ? 97% | 59.7 ? -44% | 56 ? -35% | 0.5 ? 99% | 36.3 ? 13% |
Response Time Black / White * | 25.1 ? | 1.6 ? 94% | 25.5 ? -2% | 30.8 ? -23% | 0.1 ? 100% | 23.1 ? 8% |
PWM Frequency | 364 ? | 240 ? | ||||
Screen | -75% | 3% | -18% | 225% | 16% | |
Brightness middle | 455 | 317 -30% | 409 -10% | 517.3 14% | 409 -10% | 396 -13% |
Brightness | 453 | 320 -29% | 391 -14% | 488 8% | 410 -9% | 379 -16% |
Brightness Distribution | 90 | 96 7% | 92 2% | 88 -2% | 99 10% | 92 2% |
Black Level * | 0.24 | 0.27 -13% | 0.34 -42% | 0.01 96% | 0.26 -8% | |
Contrast | 1896 | 1515 -20% | 1521 -20% | 40900 2057% | 1523 -20% | |
Colorchecker dE 2000 * | 2.8 | 4.9 -75% | 2.3 18% | 3.3 -18% | 2.36 16% | 1.3 54% |
Colorchecker dE 2000 max. * | 4.2 | 10.4 -148% | 4.4 -5% | 7.81 -86% | 4.07 3% | 2.7 36% |
Colorchecker dE 2000 calibrated * | 1.2 | 5 -317% | 0.9 25% | 1.02 15% | 3.16 -163% | 0.7 42% |
Greyscale dE 2000 * | 4.3 | 1.5 65% | 2.4 44% | 5.6 -30% | 3.06 29% | 1.6 63% |
Gamma | 2.11 104% | 2.19 100% | 2.06 107% | 2.37 93% | 2.49 88% | 2.14 103% |
CCT | 7268 89% | 6364 102% | 6293 103% | 6804 96% | 6882 94% | 6554 99% |
Total Average (Program / Settings) | 17% /
-21% | -6% /
-1% | -13% /
-14% | 118% /
165% | 10% /
12% |
* ... smaller is better
我们使用专业的 CalMAN 软件(X-Rite i1 Pro 2)对面板进行了测量。开箱即显示出明显的偏蓝和过冷的色温。色彩中还存在一些异常值。我们自己进行的校准控制了所有这些问题,灰度和色彩都低于重要的 DeltaE-2000 临界值 3。校准后,最大亮度降低了约 40 cd/m²,但由于图像质量显著提高,我们仍然推荐使用校准。我们的校准配置文件可在上面免费下载,但您应确保安装了相同的面板(例如,可通过 HWiNFO 确定)。
Display Response Times
↔ Response Time Black to White | ||
---|---|---|
25.1 ms ... rise ↗ and fall ↘ combined | ↗ 12 ms rise | |
↘ 13.1 ms fall | ||
The screen shows relatively slow response rates in our tests and may be too slow for gamers. In comparison, all tested devices range from 0.1 (minimum) to 240 (maximum) ms. » 55 % of all devices are better. This means that the measured response time is worse than the average of all tested devices (21.5 ms). | ||
↔ Response Time 50% Grey to 80% Grey | ||
41.6 ms ... rise ↗ and fall ↘ combined | ↗ 18.7 ms rise | |
↘ 22.9 ms fall | ||
The screen shows slow response rates in our tests and will be unsatisfactory for gamers. In comparison, all tested devices range from 0.2 (minimum) to 636 (maximum) ms. » 62 % of all devices are better. This means that the measured response time is worse than the average of all tested devices (33.7 ms). |
Screen Flickering / PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation)
Screen flickering / PWM not detected | |||
In comparison: 53 % of all tested devices do not use PWM to dim the display. If PWM was detected, an average of 17903 (minimum: 5 - maximum: 3846000) Hz was measured. |
哑光面板的户外性能非常出色,即使在晴天,只要避免阳光直射,用户也可以将 T14s G4 带到户外。与半亚光 OLED 屏幕相比,该面板具有明显的优势。可视角度的稳定性无可挑剔。对比度会从上方角度降低,但这在实际使用中并不重要。
性能 - AMD Phoenix-U
ThinkPad T14s G4 配备了当前 Phoenix U 系列(Zen4)的 Ryzen 5 或 Ryzen 7 CPU。每个机箱都焊接了内存(LPDDR5x 6400),买家可以选择 16 或 32 GB。ThinkPad T14 不提供专用显卡。
测试条件
在 ThinkPads 上,联想的电源设置与 Windows 的常规能源配置文件直接关联,这对用户来说非常方便。如果查看处理器的 TDP 值,你会发现与英特尔型号的英特尔型号的 T14s G4的 酷睿 i7-1355U允许在短期负载峰值时消耗高达 50 瓦的功率。不过,两种型号的长期能耗都是 24 瓦。下表列出了不同能耗曲线的所有详细信息。在基准测试和测量中,我们将 "最佳性能 "作为默认配置文件。
配置文件 | CPU 负载 | Cinebench R15 Multi | Time Spy 图形 | 最大风扇容量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
最佳节能 | 12 瓦 | 1,025 分 | 1,631 分 | 26 分贝(A) |
平衡型 | 25 -> 19 -> 15 瓦 | 1,659 分 | 2,383 分 | 32 分贝(A) |
最佳性能 | 30 -> 25 瓦 | 1,932 分 | 2,512 分 | 39.2 dB(A) |
处理器 - Ryzen 7 7840U
......(英文 Ryzen 7 7840URyzen 7 7840U 属于 AMD 当前的 Phoenix U 代产品,提供 8 个快速 Zen4 内核,最高主频可达 5.1GHz,可同时处理多达 16 个线程。在 ThinkPad T14s 中,该处理器的功耗在短时间内达到 30 瓦,然后稳定在 24 瓦。因此,其性能不如 EliteBook 845 G10在后者中,处理器长时间保持 30 瓦的功耗,然后以 25 瓦的功耗运行。尽管如此,AMD ThinkPad 的性能仍然非常出色,而老式的 Ryzen 7 Pro 6850U在 ThinkPad T14s G3在所有基准测试中平均超出 17%。性能 酷睿 i7-1355U在长时间负载情况下的多核基准测试中毫无胜算,只能归功于开始时大幅提高的功耗限制。当两个 CPU 的功耗都为 24 瓦时,Ryzen 7 7840U 的速度要快 60%。只有在单核测试中,英特尔处理器才会凭借性能内核取得(微弱的)优势。在电池模式下,性能保持稳定。更多 CPU 基准测试请访问https://www.notebookcheck.net/Mobile-Processors-Benchmark-List.2436.0.html.
Cinebench R15 Multi Sustained Load
Cinebench R23: Multi Core | Single Core
Cinebench R20: CPU (Multi Core) | CPU (Single Core)
Cinebench R15: CPU Multi 64Bit | CPU Single 64Bit
Blender: v2.79 BMW27 CPU
7-Zip 18.03: 7z b 4 | 7z b 4 -mmt1
Geekbench 5.5: Multi-Core | Single-Core
HWBOT x265 Benchmark v2.2: 4k Preset
LibreOffice : 20 Documents To PDF
R Benchmark 2.5: Overall mean
CPU Performance Rating | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average of class Office |
Cinebench R23 / Multi Core | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (11739 - 15074, n=10) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average of class Office (1056 - 15743, n=123, last 2 years) |
Cinebench R23 / Single Core | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (1373 - 1742, n=10) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (529 - 1995, n=122, last 2 years) |
Cinebench R20 / CPU (Multi Core) | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (4469 - 5917, n=10) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average of class Office (356 - 5904, n=121, last 2 years) |
Cinebench R20 / CPU (Single Core) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (533 - 678, n=10) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (181.3 - 764, n=121, last 2 years) |
Cinebench R15 / CPU Multi 64Bit | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (1025 - 2439, n=12) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Average of class Office (160.8 - 2642, n=121, last 2 years) |
Cinebench R15 / CPU Single 64Bit | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (217 - 272, n=10) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average of class Office (82.6 - 284, n=119, last 2 years) |
Blender / v2.79 BMW27 CPU | |
Average of class Office (214 - 2844, n=122, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (208 - 270, n=10) |
7-Zip 18.03 / 7z b 4 | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (50087 - 62156, n=10) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average of class Office (4226 - 62349, n=122, last 2 years) |
7-Zip 18.03 / 7z b 4 -mmt1 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (4657 - 6408, n=10) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average of class Office (2233 - 6687, n=122, last 2 years) |
Geekbench 5.5 / Multi-Core | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (7399 - 10558, n=10) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (1018 - 11980, n=123, last 2 years) |
Geekbench 5.5 / Single-Core | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (1355 - 1933, n=10) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (510 - 1974, n=123, last 2 years) |
HWBOT x265 Benchmark v2.2 / 4k Preset | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (14.4 - 18.6, n=10) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average of class Office (1.55 - 17.4, n=121, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE |
LibreOffice / 20 Documents To PDF | |
Average of class Office (31.3 - 117.5, n=121, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (43.4 - 67.1, n=10) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Dell Latitude 7440 |
R Benchmark 2.5 / Overall mean | |
Average of class Office (0.4244 - 1.397, n=120, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (0.4559 - 0.581, n=10) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE |
* ... smaller is better
Cinebench R15 Multi Sustained Load
我们还查看了其他两种能耗配置的多核性能。令人兴奋的是,AMD 处理器在 12 瓦时的多核性能几乎与酷睿 i7-1355U的多核性能几乎相同。因此,用户可以在执行简单任务时使用其中一个更高效的配置文件,并从更安静的风扇中获益。
系统性能
主观性能印象非常高,合成基准测试结果也非常好。测试过程中也没有出现任何问题。
CrossMark: Overall | Productivity | Creativity | Responsiveness
PCMark 10 / Score | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M (5866 - 7157, n=9) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average of class Office (2325 - 7157, n=106, last 2 years) |
PCMark 10 / Essentials | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M (9068 - 11081, n=9) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (5095 - 20841, n=106, last 2 years) |
PCMark 10 / Productivity | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M (7323 - 10099, n=9) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (3041 - 10198, n=106, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 |
PCMark 10 / Digital Content Creation | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M (7204 - 8987, n=9) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average of class Office (1912 - 9056, n=106, last 2 years) |
CrossMark / Overall | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M (1256 - 1804, n=9) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (348 - 1891, n=107, last 2 years) |
CrossMark / Productivity | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M (1261 - 1798, n=9) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (393 - 1870, n=107, last 2 years) |
CrossMark / Creativity | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M (1251 - 1835, n=9) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (340 - 1982, n=107, last 2 years) |
CrossMark / Responsiveness | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M (1082 - 1775, n=9) | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Average of class Office (258 - 2017, n=107, last 2 years) |
PCMark 10 Score | 6480 points | |
Help |
AIDA64 / Memory Copy | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (43255 - 70532, n=10) | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average of class Office (7158 - 88119, n=122, last 2 years) |
AIDA64 / Memory Read | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (37399 - 61602, n=9) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Average of class Office (7325 - 87297, n=122, last 2 years) |
AIDA64 / Memory Write | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (49426 - 92289, n=11) | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Average of class Office (7579 - 94965, n=122, last 2 years) |
AIDA64 / Memory Latency | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Average AMD Ryzen 7 7840U (90 - 137.2, n=10) | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Average of class Office (44.3 - 188.3, n=123, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE |
* ... smaller is better
DPC 延迟
在我们的标准化延迟测试(互联网浏览、4K YouTube 播放、CPU 负载)中,测试设备在当前 BIOS 版本下未显示任何限制。其中一个驱动程序出现了峰值,但关键的中断延迟值非常低,因此在使用实时音频应用程序时应该不会出现任何问题。
DPC Latencies / LatencyMon - interrupt to process latency (max), Web, Youtube, Prime95 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE |
* ... smaller is better
存储设备
ThinkPad T14s G4 使用 PCIe 4.0 固态硬盘(M.2 2280),我们的测试设备安装了 1 TB 型号的三星 PM9A1a,初始启动后可用容量约为 900 GB。这是一款速度非常快的硬盘,最大传输速率为 7 GB/s,而且在长时间负载情况下性能依然稳定,这对于快速 PCIe 4.0 硬盘来说并非易事。更多固态硬盘基准测试这里.
* ... smaller is better
Sustained read performance: DiskSpd Read Loop, Queue Depth 8
显卡 - Radeon 780M
Radeon 780M Radeon 780MRadeon 780M 是一款快速的集成图形处理器,得益于双通道配置的快速 LPDDR5x 6400 内存。图形性能也明显优于英特尔机型,在合成基准测试中,AMD 机型要快 60% 左右。领先于 前代的 Radeon 680M在合成测试中仅领先不到 20%。
与 CPU 性能一样,GPU 性能在最初几秒后略有下降,这也是它未能通过Time Spy 95% 压力测试的原因。从根本上说,性能是稳定的,并且在长时间负载下也能保持稳定,我们的Witcher 3 长期测试也证实了这一点。在游戏测试中,Radeon 780M 明显快于英特尔的 Iris Xe Graphics G7在我们的标准游戏基准测试中,其领先优势约为 50%。这意味着旧版本和要求不高的游戏也能以高分辨率流畅运行。
在电池模式下,GPU 性能不会下降。更多 GPU 基准测试可在我们的技术部分.
3DMark 11 Performance | 11316 points | |
3DMark Fire Strike Score | 6773 points | |
3DMark Time Spy Score | 2799 points | |
Help |
Blender / v3.3 Classroom HIP/AMD | |
Average of class Office (322 - 1215, n=18, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE |
Blender / v3.3 Classroom CPU | |
Average of class Office (343 - 3786, n=110, last 2 years) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Dell Latitude 7440 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average AMD Radeon 780M (305 - 503, n=33) |
* ... smaller is better
The Witcher 3 - 1920x1080 Ultra Graphics & Postprocessing (HBAO+) | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Average of class Office (2.66 - 34, n=111, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Dell Latitude 7440 |
GTA V - 1920x1080 Highest Settings possible AA:4xMSAA + FX AF:16x | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE | |
HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES | |
Average of class Office (3.35 - 47.8, n=91, last 2 years) | |
Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 | |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE | |
Dell Latitude 7440 |
Witcher 3 FPS chart
low | med. | high | ultra | |
GTA V (2015) | 137.5 | 125.9 | 56.8 | 26 |
The Witcher 3 (2015) | 131 | 85 | 43 | 25.2 |
Dota 2 Reborn (2015) | 116.5 | 96 | 73.8 | 64.6 |
Final Fantasy XV Benchmark (2018) | 66.6 | 33.3 | 25 | |
X-Plane 11.11 (2018) | 48.8 | 35.6 | 29 | |
Far Cry 5 (2018) | 69 | 41 | 39 | 36 |
Strange Brigade (2018) | 138.9 | 59.9 | 49.6 | 42.8 |
F1 2021 (2021) | 169.6 | 81.9 | 64.2 | 26.6 |
F1 22 (2022) | 80.4 | 70.2 | 50.5 | |
F1 23 (2023) | 73.2 | 64.5 | 44.1 |
排放与能源管理
噪音
从根本上说,AMD T14s G4 在日常使用中非常安静。只有在满载情况下,风扇的声音才会大得惊人,最高可达 39.2 dB(A),也比英特尔的英特尔变体。如果选择平衡 模式,噪音仅为 32 分贝(A)。在压力测试中,最佳节能模式的噪音仅为 26 dB(A)。没有检测到其他电子噪音。
Noise Level
Idle |
| 24.6 / 24.6 / 26 dB(A) |
Load |
| 29.8 / 39.2 dB(A) |
| ||
30 dB silent 40 dB(A) audible 50 dB(A) loud |
||
min: , med: , max: Earthworks M23R, Arta (15 cm distance) environment noise: 24.6 dB(A) |
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE Radeon 780M, R7 7840U, Samsung PM9A1a MZVL21T0HDLU | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE Iris Xe G7 96EUs, i7-1355U, Samsung PM9A1a MZVL21T0HDLU | HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES Radeon 780M, R7 7840U, WD PC SN740 512GB SDDPNQD-512G | Dell Latitude 7440 Iris Xe G7 80EUs, i5-1345U, Samsung MZ9L4512HBLU-00BMV | Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 Iris Xe G7 96EUs, i7-1360P, WD PC SN740 512GB SDDPMQD-512G-1101 | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE Radeon 680M, R7 PRO 6850U, SK Hynix PC711 512GB HFS512GDE9X081N | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Noise | -1% | 11% | 9% | -16% | 16% | |
off / environment * | 24.6 | 24.2 2% | 22.9 7% | 22.8 7% | 25.2 -2% | 22.8 7% |
Idle Minimum * | 24.6 | 24.2 2% | 22.9 7% | 22.8 7% | 25.2 -2% | 22.8 7% |
Idle Average * | 24.6 | 24.2 2% | 22.9 7% | 22.8 7% | 25.2 -2% | 22.8 7% |
Idle Maximum * | 26 | 25.6 2% | 22.9 12% | 22.8 12% | 32 -23% | 22.8 12% |
Load Average * | 29.8 | 33.3 -12% | 24.3 18% | 26.3 12% | 45.25 -52% | 22.8 23% |
Witcher 3 ultra * | 36.1 | 37.4 -4% | 32.4 10% | 30 17% | 27.5 24% | |
Load Maximum * | 39.2 | 37.8 4% | 33.9 14% | 38.3 2% | 45.3 -16% | 27.3 30% |
* ... smaller is better
温度
ThinkPad T14s G4 的表面温度绝对无害:压力测试结果最高仅为 42 °C。即使在满载情况下,笔记本电脑也可以毫不犹豫地放在大腿上。SoC 温度也稳定在较低的 60 °C,因此联想可以降低风扇转速或提高性能。
在综合 CPU/GPU 负载的压力测试中,处理器首先以 30 瓦的功率短时间运行,然后以 24 瓦的功率运行几分钟,最后稳定在 20 瓦。压力测试后,性能没有立即下降。
(±) The maximum temperature on the upper side is 42.1 °C / 108 F, compared to the average of 34.2 °C / 94 F, ranging from 21.2 to 62.5 °C for the class Office.
(+) The bottom heats up to a maximum of 39.7 °C / 103 F, compared to the average of 36.7 °C / 98 F
(+) In idle usage, the average temperature for the upper side is 22.3 °C / 72 F, compared to the device average of 29.5 °C / 85 F.
(±) Playing The Witcher 3, the average temperature for the upper side is 36.1 °C / 97 F, compared to the device average of 29.5 °C / 85 F.
(+) The palmrests and touchpad are cooler than skin temperature with a maximum of 29.1 °C / 84.4 F and are therefore cool to the touch.
(±) The average temperature of the palmrest area of similar devices was 27.7 °C / 81.9 F (-1.4 °C / -2.5 F).
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE Intel Core i7-1355U, Intel Iris Xe Graphics G7 96EUs | HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, AMD Radeon 780M | Dell Latitude 7440 Intel Core i5-1345U, Intel Iris Xe Graphics G7 80EUs | Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 Intel Core i7-1360P, Intel Iris Xe Graphics G7 96EUs | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 6850U, AMD Radeon 680M | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heat | -13% | -18% | -11% | -26% | -15% | |
Maximum Upper Side * | 42.1 | 43.4 -3% | 45.4 -8% | 39 7% | 43.9 -4% | 49.2 -17% |
Maximum Bottom * | 39.7 | 37.8 5% | 50.6 -27% | 40.6 -2% | 50.7 -28% | 37.2 6% |
Idle Upper Side * | 23 | 29.7 -29% | 26.8 -17% | 28 -22% | 30.8 -34% | 31.1 -35% |
Idle Bottom * | 22.8 | 28.4 -25% | 26.8 -18% | 28.8 -26% | 31.6 -39% | 26 -14% |
* ... smaller is better
发言人
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE audio analysis
(±) | speaker loudness is average but good (79.8 dB)
Bass 100 - 315 Hz
(-) | nearly no bass - on average 21.8% lower than median
(±) | linearity of bass is average (10.8% delta to prev. frequency)
Mids 400 - 2000 Hz
(+) | balanced mids - only 3.4% away from median
(+) | mids are linear (5.9% delta to prev. frequency)
Highs 2 - 16 kHz
(+) | balanced highs - only 3.5% away from median
(+) | highs are linear (6.7% delta to prev. frequency)
Overall 100 - 16.000 Hz
(±) | linearity of overall sound is average (17.8% difference to median)
Compared to same class
» 24% of all tested devices in this class were better, 6% similar, 70% worse
» The best had a delta of 7%, average was 22%, worst was 53%
Compared to all devices tested
» 31% of all tested devices were better, 8% similar, 61% worse
» The best had a delta of 4%, average was 25%, worst was 134%
HP EliteBook 845 G10 818N0EA audio analysis
(+) | speakers can play relatively loud (83.2 dB)
Bass 100 - 315 Hz
(-) | nearly no bass - on average 19.5% lower than median
(±) | linearity of bass is average (13.3% delta to prev. frequency)
Mids 400 - 2000 Hz
(+) | balanced mids - only 3.4% away from median
(+) | mids are linear (2.5% delta to prev. frequency)
Highs 2 - 16 kHz
(+) | balanced highs - only 2.2% away from median
(+) | highs are linear (3.6% delta to prev. frequency)
Overall 100 - 16.000 Hz
(+) | overall sound is linear (14.2% difference to median)
Compared to same class
» 7% of all tested devices in this class were better, 3% similar, 90% worse
» The best had a delta of 7%, average was 22%, worst was 53%
Compared to all devices tested
» 14% of all tested devices were better, 3% similar, 83% worse
» The best had a delta of 4%, average was 25%, worst was 134%
耗电量
T14s G4 AMD 的功耗非常低,尽管最大亮度更高,但与惠普 EliteBook 845 G10 相当,低于英特尔机型。全亮度时的功耗为 2.7 瓦至最大 5.6 瓦,设备效率非常高,负载下的功耗也低于英特尔同类产品,后者的短期功耗限制要高得多。因此,随附的 65 瓦电源完全够用。
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE Radeon 780M, R7 7840U, Samsung PM9A1a MZVL21T0HDLU | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE Iris Xe G7 96EUs, i7-1355U, Samsung PM9A1a MZVL21T0HDLU | HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES Radeon 780M, R7 7840U, WD PC SN740 512GB SDDPNQD-512G | Dell Latitude 7440 Iris Xe G7 80EUs, i5-1345U, Samsung MZ9L4512HBLU-00BMV | Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 Iris Xe G7 96EUs, i7-1360P, WD PC SN740 512GB SDDPMQD-512G-1101 | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE Radeon 680M, R7 PRO 6850U, SK Hynix PC711 512GB HFS512GDE9X081N | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Power Consumption | -20% | -1% | -33% | -46% | 10% | |
Idle Minimum * | 2.7 | 4.6 -70% | 3.2 -19% | 4.5 -67% | 4.2 -56% | 2.2 19% |
Idle Average * | 5.2 | 5.4 -4% | 5.1 2% | 6.5 -25% | 4.7 10% | 4.4 15% |
Idle Maximum * | 5.6 | 6.7 -20% | 5.4 4% | 7.3 -30% | 11.4 -104% | 5.1 9% |
Load Average * | 40.1 | 39.9 -0% | 39.1 2% | 52.5 -31% | 61.5 -53% | 33.3 17% |
Witcher 3 ultra * | 40.2 | 36.8 8% | 39.8 1% | 46.2 -15% | 55.1 -37% | 40.1 -0% |
Load Maximum * | 48.3 | 64.3 -33% | 46.6 4% | 63 -30% | 64 -33% | 48.5 -0% |
* ... smaller is better
Off / Standby | 0.41 / 0.53 Watt |
Idle | 2.7 / 5.2 / 5.6 Watt |
Load |
40.1 / 48.3 Watt |
Power consumption Witcher 3 / Stress test
Power consumption with an external monitor
电池寿命
57 Wh 电池的续航时间非常出色,与 OLED 机型相比,IPS 机型具有巨大优势。在调整亮度为 150 cd/m²(相当于我们测试设备最大亮度的 65%)的情况下,视频测试的运行时间略低于 16.5 小时,WLAN 测试的运行时间超过 13 小时。即使在全亮度状态下,该设备在 WLAN 测试中也能运行近 10 个小时。不过,电池电量可在 1.5 小时内耗尽(最大亮度下),但性能并未受到影响。
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE R7 7840U, Radeon 780M, 57 Wh | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4 21F6005GGE i7-1355U, Iris Xe G7 96EUs, 57 Wh | HP EliteBook 845 G10 5Z4X0ES R7 7840U, Radeon 780M, 51 Wh | Dell Latitude 7440 i5-1345U, Iris Xe G7 80EUs, 57 Wh | Samsung Galaxy Book3 Pro 14 i7-1360P, Iris Xe G7 96EUs, 63 Wh | Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G3 21CQ002LGE R7 PRO 6850U, Radeon 680M, 57 Wh | Average of class Office | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Battery Runtime | -20% | -14% | 32% | -17% | 20% | -12% | |
H.264 | 988 | 760 -23% | 712 -28% | 705 ? -29% | |||
WiFi v1.3 | 793 | 452 -43% | 779 -2% | 781 -2% | 528 -33% | 718 -9% | 592 ? -25% |
Load | 99 | 102 3% | 81 -18% | 164 66% | 109 10% | 148 49% | 117.7 ? 19% |
Reader / Idle | 1427 | 1257 | 1436 ? |
Pros
Cons
结论:采用 AMD 和 IPS 的商务笔记本电脑更出色
在评测了两款 ThinkPad T14s 之后,我们可以直接说,对于商务笔记本电脑来说,AMD 处理器和低功耗 IPS 面板的配置是更好的组合。AMD 处理器以更低的 TDP 提供更高的多核性能,在单核测试中也不落后于 Raptor Lake CPU。此外,图形性能也明显更高。
在显示屏方面,选择也很简单。sRGB 色彩空间完全满足日常办公使用的需要,而且面板比 OLED 屏幕更经济,后者还必须面对 PWM 闪烁的问题。除了大大延长电池寿命外,雾面 IPS 面板在户外也有更好的表现。
更强的性能和更长的电池续航时间:AMD Ryzen 处理器和雾面 IPS 显示屏确保联想 ThinkPad T14s G4 的性能更加出色,是市场上最好的商务笔记本电脑之一。
在 ThinkPad T14s G4 中做出选择非常明显,但如果比较 ThinkPad 和 惠普 EliteBook 845 G10 进行比较时,选择就变得更加困难了。这两款设备在很多方面都非常相似,而且都是目前最好的商务笔记本电脑之一。ThinkPad 的运行时间稍长,而 EliteBook 则凭借不那么敏感的机箱和可升级的内存取胜。此外,在配置相当的情况下,EliteBook 的价格也更便宜。总的来说,EliteBook 仍然是目前最好的商务笔记本电脑,尽管领先优势并不大。
价格和供应情况
作为 "黑色星期五 "优惠活动的一部分,ThinkPad T14s G4 目前在联想美国商店的销售折扣为 45%,起价 956.45 美元。
价格截至 2023 年 11 月 1 日,可能会有变动。
Lenovo ThinkPad T14s G4-21F8002TGE
-
10/30/2023 v7
Andreas Osthoff
Transparency
The present review sample was made available to the author as a loan by the manufacturer or a shop for the purposes of review. The lender had no influence on this review, nor did the manufacturer receive a copy of this review before publication. There was no obligation to publish this review.